UDC 614.84
UDC 656.11
UDC 519.168
The article presents an analytical review of modern foreign approaches to solving the problem of optimal placement of fire brigades and determining departure areas. A comparative analysis of studies from different countries is carried out on key aspects: the software used, the mathematical models and methods applied, the sources of digital geographical data and the criteria for the effectiveness of placement. Particular attention is paid to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in foreign studies in calculating the temporal and spatial parameters of traffic on the road network, geospatial analysis and visualization of results. A tendency towards the use of combined criteria, including probabilistic-temporal and fuzzy ones, as well as metaheuristic optimization algorithms is noted. The problems of applicability of foreign approaches in Russian conditions associated with restrictions on access to commercial software and the use of open geographic data, as well as restrictions related to information security requirements are considered. The analysis covers studies from 2006 to 2023 and demonstrates the evolution of methods from classical placement models to complex, multi-criteria solutions integrating GIS, fire risk data and social factors
dislokaciya pozharnyh podrazdeleniy, kriterii effektivnogo razmescheniya, geoinformacionnye sistemy
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